When can a referee's decision be appealed in a bout without video replay?

A referee's decision can be appealed when there is a misapplication of a rule because this indicates a clear instance where the official may have interpreted or enforced the rules incorrectly during the bout. This type of appeal is grounded in the fundamental principles of fair play and proper conduct in the sport, ensuring that the match aligns with the rules established by the governing bodies.

When a specific rule is applied inaccurately, it can lead to an unjust outcome based on a misunderstanding or error in judgment regarding the rules. For example, if a fencer is penalized for an action that is not against the rules, or if a point is awarded incorrectly due to a misinterpretation of a specific regulation, this would constitute grounds for an appeal.

The other options involve subjective disagreements or perceptions of fairness that do not satisfy the criteria for an appeal. For instance, simply believing a decision is unfair or disagreeing with the outcome does not provide a solid rationale based on rule interpretation. Similarly, insufficient scoring evidence might lead to confusion, but it does not represent a misapplication of a rule itself. Hence, an appeal based on a misapplication ensures that the competition maintains its integrity and adherence to established regulations.