When an opponent is conducting a valid attack, what must the defending fencer do to score?

When an opponent is conducting a valid attack, the defending fencer has specific options to score, one of which involves the act of either successfully parrying the incoming attack or exploiting an opening during the attacker's action. This choice emphasizes the active defensive strategies allowed in fencing, which are integral to the sport's dynamics.

Successful parrying involves using one's weapon to deflect the opponent's blade, allowing the defender to create an opportunity for a counterattack. If executed correctly, this can lead to a point being awarded for scoring while the opponent is off-balance or exposed—an essential aspect of tactical fencing. The focus here is on responding effectively to an opponent's actions rather than passively retreating or merely waiting.

Retreating, raising the weapon, or waiting for a referee's signal doesn’t provide a direct way to score during an attacker's action. The sport values the ability to respond to attacks proactively, and successful defense combined with immediate counteraction is crucial for earning points.