What must fencers do before starting their bout?

Fencers are required to shake hands before starting their bout as a gesture of sportsmanship and mutual respect. This traditional practice acknowledges the competitive yet respectful nature of the sport. It helps to establish a good rapport between the fencers and sets a positive tone for the bout ahead.

While reciting the rules may be important for understanding the bout procedures, it is not a standard pre-bout requirement. Bowing to the referee is not a common practice in all fencing styles, although some fencers may show respect in this manner in certain contexts. Wearing masks is crucial for safety and is a fundamental requirement during bouts, but it is a condition of participation rather than a formal step to initiate the contest. Thus, the handshake stands out as the specific action required to commence the bout.