What does the term "infraction" refer to in fencing?

The term "infraction" in fencing specifically refers to a violation of the rules. When a fencer commits an infraction, it means they have failed to adhere to the established regulations that govern the sport, leading to potential penalties or consequences. This could encompass a wide range of actions, such as illegal actions during the bout, unsportsmanlike conduct, or improper equipment usage. Understanding this term is crucial for referees and competitors alike, as recognizing and properly adjudicating infractions helps maintain the integrity and safety of the competition. In contrast, valid hits, moments of hesitation, and defensive tactics do not fall under the definition of an infraction, as they are part of the game's strategic elements and rules of engagement.