What does "right of way" in foil fencing refer to?

In foil fencing, "right of way" refers to the established rule that determines which fencer has the priority to score based on their offensive actions during an encounter. This rule is crucial because it dictates that when both fencers initiate an attack at the same time, only the fencer who has established 'right of way' may score. This typically applies to the situation where one fencer has successfully connected with an attack that has been made in a way that demonstrates initiative, while the other is responding defensively.

Understanding this concept is vital for judges and referees during bouts, as it helps them make accurate and fair decisions about which fencer should receive points. This principle is specifically tailored for foil fencing and is distinct from other weapons like epee, where all hits are considered valid regardless of the attack priority. The focus on priority in attacks in foil adds a strategic layer to the fencing, emphasizing the importance of tactical engagement and initiative, rather than purely defensive or reactive actions.